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27.4.2022
Just over two months since the invasion of Ukraine, analysis by think tanks includes Russia’s actions and the foundations of the war, the heightened stakes with the new offensive in east and south-east Ukraine, how the West can manage escalation, the new European security architecture, Russia’s information warfare, violence against women as a weapon of war, accountability for the atrocities committed, the influx of refugees from Ukraine, possible socio-economic consequences for the EU, the impact of sharp increases in food and energy commodities, especially in Africa, and the positioning of China, ASEAN countries, Turkey, Iran and Venezuela.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH (CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES)
Terror, pacification, occupation. Russia’s actions in the occupied territories of Ukraine
The article looks at the actions taken by Russia in order to maintain control over the invaded territories of Ukraine, arguing that the Kremlin did not have a plan for the rapid development of the occupied land or for dealing with the civilians in a manner that would have effectively ensured their support. It led to brutal pacification, inept occupation and terror in the seized territories.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Russia’s war in Ukraine: identity, history, and conflict
This paper explains the erroneous assumptions the Kremlin made about Ukrainian identity that informed its decision-making and laid the foundations for its war against Ukraine.
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΊΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ (HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN FOREIGN POLICY)
Europe after Putin’s war: EU foreign and defence policy in the new European security architecture
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a game changer for Europe and the global system and a call for the EU to emerge as a coherent security actor, so the authors claim. Faced with a security challenge on a global scale, NATO remains the only game in town. The EU ambition of developing its strategic autonomy becomes practically meaningful only within the transatlantic alliance.
ATLANTIC COUNCIL
Climbing the ladder: how the West can manage escalation in Ukraine and beyond
This study seeks to identify key rungs on the escalation ladder around the war in Ukraine; assess how the current crisis might escalate inside Ukraine and across NATO’s eastern flank; explore how the US and NATO posture can prevent or limit escalation; and offers recommendations for how the United States and NATO can adapt their strategy, posture, and activities to manage escalatory dynamics.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK
Russlands nukleare Drohgebärden im Krieg gegen die Ukraine
Any conflict with a nuclear power like Russia carries the risk that nuclear weapons could be used. According to the authors, as long as NATO does not intervene directly in Ukraine and the Russian regime does not feel existentially threatened, both intentional and unintentional nuclear use remain extremely unlikely, though Moscow’s nuclear threats still entail significant negative consequences.
FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE (FRS)
Missiles hypersoniques : le cas du Kh-47M2 Kinjal
This article focuses on Kh-47М2 Kinjal, Russian nuclear-capable hypersonic aero-ballistic air-to-surface missile, which was employed in March in Ukraine by the Russian military forces. The paper discusses the origin, characteristics as well as the technology used behind this specific type of weapon and provides a broader description of hypersonic missiles pointing out differences and similarities compared to Kinjal.
TERRA NOVA
Poutine, les poupées russes et la vérité
This article provides an analysis of three texts which present the Russian authorities' point of view on the invasion of Ukraine : the essay by Vladimir Putin entitled "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" published in July 2021; the declaration of war speech on the night of February 24, 2022; and the homily of Kirill, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russias, delivered in March this year. The author concludes that these texts reflect a new Russian national narrative in the service of war propaganda.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK
Russland auf dem Weg in die Diktatur
The text examines how Russia has turned into a dictatorship and wonders if the immense pressure caused by the war and sanctions could lead to political change and the end of Putin’s regime in the medium term.
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE
The “Battle of the Donbas” has begun. The author comments on two factors affecting the outcome of what is likely to devolve into a campaign of attrition : which army suffers the greatest losses and, once exhausted, can reconstitute itself for the next round, which might indeed be decisive.
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
Ukraine: the dangers in Russia’s new offensive
This article considers that Russia’s new offensive in eastern and southern-eastern Ukraine heightens the stakes both for aggressors and defenders and increases the imperative for democracies to sustain support for Ukraine, including with longer-range weapons for its defense.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THINK TANK
Russia’s war on Ukraine in international law and human rights bodies: bringing institutions back in
The briefing discusses the war in Ukraine in the context of international law and human rights. It argues that while international law and human rights institutions can deliver little immediate relief for Ukraine citizens, the initiatives have important political functions. Most importantly, they prepare the ground to ensure accountability for crimes committed in the context of the war.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
Investigation of Russia's crimes in Ukraine: a turning point for the International Criminal Court ?
Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court has begun advancing the investigation of Russian military operations in the context of two proceedings: Russia’s confrontation with Georgia (2008) and the confrontation with Ukraine (since 2014). The authors argue that the investigation of Russia could be a turning point in terms of world public opinion toward the Court and increase its legitimacy.
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
How to achieve accountability for atrocities in Ukraine
Assessing the actions taken by the international community in supporting accountability processes for the atrocities committed against Ukrainian civilians, this paper concludes that this united effort will require coordination, creativity and sustained political will to ensure that perpetrators are held accountable, and that justice is delivered to victims.
HERITAGE FOUNDATION
The U.S. should assist Ukraine in its efforts to prosecute Russian war crimes
According to this article, despite its established scepticism with respect to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the U.S. should assist Ukraine in view of the mounting evidence of shocking war crimes committed by Russia. By providing aid and intelligence directly to Ukraine, the Biden Administration would demonstrate its commitment to the rule of law and international security while also remaining consistent with the U.S. position on the ICC.
OBSERVER RESEARCH FOUNDATION
The Ukraine crisis: women are fighting a different kind of war
Increasing reports of sexual and physical violence against women are surfacing in the wake of the Ukrainian crisis.This paper outlines how violence against women is used as a war weapon.
ТЕКСТИ.ORG.UA (TEXTY.ORG.UA)
One in every three news items is about the war or its consequences for Russia
This article provides an analysis (4-10 April) of what Russian state media and other websites are telling the Russian people about the attack on Ukraine. It concludes that Russian disinformers continue to dedicate one in every three news items to the war and its consequences for Russia.
CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES (CSS)
Russian Analytical Digest No. 282: Russian information warfare
This issue is about the tools that Russia has used against Ukraine, Poland, the United States, and the European Union, as well as the strategies that these countries have employed to combat Russian information warfare.
CEDOS – CENTRE FOR SOCIETY RESEARCH
This paper contains an overview of the data on the damage to education institutions, as well as of the key changes that have taken place in the organization of the education process in preschool, secondary and higher education in Ukraine.
INSTITUT FÜR WELTWIRTSCHAFT KIEL (KIEL INSTITUTE FOR THE WORLD ECONOMY)
Which countries help Ukraine and how? Introducing the Ukraine support tracker
This paper introduces the “Ukraine Support Tracker”, which lists and quantifies military, financial and humanitarian aid to Ukraine since Russia’s invasion on February 24. It measures support from Western governments, namely by G7 and European Union member countries.
INSTITUT JACQUES DELORS
Welcoming Ukrainian refugees in the EU : preliminary insights on socio-economic consequences
As a consequence of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, around 10 million of Ukrainians have fled their homes to find safety in other regions of Ukraine but also in neighbouring countries. This paper provides some preliminary insights on the likely socio-economic consequences that the influx of millions of Ukrainians in such a short amount of time will have in the EU.
REAL INSTITUTO ELCANO
La acogida a los refugiados ucranianos: algunos desafíos e incertidumbres
The arrival of several millions of Ukrainian refugees to the EU raises management, financial and integration challenges, but has unprecedented political support. This article looks at the current situation and the challenges in the longer term, given the uncertainty over the duration of the war and the volume of refugees it will produce.
FONDATION ROBERT SCHUMAN
Accueil des réfugiés ukrainiens : entre réponses d'urgence et solutions de long terme
It is difficult to estimate the impact that the arrival of almost five million Ukrainian refugees will have on Member States. The authors consider that, in the short term, it is important to ensure the protection and reception of people fleeing the war in good conditions, and acknowledge that, in the medium and long term, it is more difficult to estimate needs. The longer the war lasts, the more the needs of displaced persons will change in nature, both in terms of psychological and material support.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THINK TANK
Human development in Putin's Russia
The paper examines the influence of Putin's regime and the possible consequence of the Ukraine conflict on Russia's population and human development aspects such as, among other, gross national income per capita, life expectancy and education based on rich statistical data.
CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES (CSS)
The topics in this issue discuss Russia’s relations towards post-Soviet countries, Russian politics and prospects of the Russian economy, Russian propaganda techniques and the results of a Russian public opinion poll.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THINK TANK
Economic repercussions of Russia’s war on Ukraine
This paper provides a summary of recent economic, financial and budgetary decisions and developments following the war in Ukraine, including recent information on the EU sanctions regime, policies supporting energy, and economic and financial resilience in the EU. It also highlights policy recommendations to mitigate any adverse economic, financial and social effects and to support economic recovery in the EU and the Euro Area.
INSTITUT JACQUES DELORS
What the EU budget can and cannot do in response to the war in Ukraine
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has sparked a debate on whether the EU should issue new common debt to deal with the social and economic consequences of the war. Those in favour contend that the expected budgetary costs of the war for the EU will be too high to be covered by the existing EU instruments – the €800bn Covid recovery fund and the multi-annual EU budget.
ITALIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES
Rising food prices: global risks and vulnerabilities
The author of this article states that the breakout of the conflict in Ukraine and the following imposition of heavy Western sanctions on Russia are causing sharp price increases in food and energy commodities - of which both Ukraine and Russia represent key exporters - as well as disruptions to global supply chains, impacting the post-pandemic economic recovery.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THINK TANK
Sanctions in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
This briefing provides summarised and simplified information regarding the sanctions the EU is imposing following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It covers the EU framework for adopting and imposing sanctions; the sanctions EU is imposing; how these are being implemented and enforced and how the EU sanctions can be rendered more effective.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THINK TANK
EU-Ukraine trade and investment relations and the impact of Russia’s war
The article discusses the consequences of the war for EU-Ukraine trade and investment relations. The EU is Ukraine's most important trading partner, accounting for more than 40 % of its total trade in goods in 2021. In turn, Ukraine is the EU’s 15th largest trading partner, representing around 1.2% of overall EU trade.
WIENER INSTITUT FÜR INTERNATIONALE WIRTSCHAFTSVERGLEICHE (THE VIENNA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC STUDIES)
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has triggered a humanitarian, economic, financial and political crisis that will reverberate across Europe. This policy note analyses the short- and medium-term implications of the conflict.
CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES
Opinion on Ukraine’s application for membership of the European Union
This paper examines the request by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on 28 February 2022 for his country to accede to membership of the EU and advocates several steps the EU could take in response, following the Council’s invitation to the European Commission to produce an Opinion on this request.
TERRA NOVA
La Pologne face à la guerre en Ukraine
This article seeks to throw light on the recent Franco-Polish tensions over Ukraine, pointing out that even if the two countries have adopted similar positions on this crisis, they do not have the same reading of the security issues on the continent. Recent tensions between the European Union and Poland are likely to drag on, despite an improvement in the relationship between Brussels and Warsaw.
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΊΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ (HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN FOREIGN POLICY)/ CENTRE FOR APPLIED TURKEY STUDIES (CATS)/ STIFTUNG MERCATOR /FEDERAL FOREIGN OFFICE
Relations between Southern European MS have often been marked by a loose cooperation or, worse, by logics of competition. Recent events such as the post-pandemic recovery or the war in Ukraine show that, when cooperation occurs, positive results can be achieved. This joint publication identifies several policy areas for fruitful cooperation between Southern European member states.
POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Flexible neutrality: Austria on the Russian aggression against Ukraine
The article examines Austria's neutral position towards Russia and its role during the war in Ukraine, only supporting Ukraine through humanitarian aid. It considers that the reason of such neutrality towards the Russian Federation could be related to close energy and economic ties.
CENTRUM STOSUNKÓW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)
ASEAN wobec konfliktu na Ukrainie
The author examines the different reactions of ASEAN countries to the conflict, including votes within the UN over Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Iran's attitude to Russia's aggression against Ukraine
The article looks at Iran’s cautious approach towards Russia’s war with Ukraine and considers whether Iran will actively support Russia against Ukraine and whether the war will have an impact on the full renewal of a nuclear deal with Iran.
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
What Russia's invasion of Ukraine means for African governments
In Africa, the conflict is upending long-term trends across the continent and eliciting mixed reactions from governments. This article considers how some see this as an opportunity to build economic capacity from within the continent, whilst others have opened the door for the Russian government to re-shape its approach toward Africa.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
The War against Ukraine – 5 takeaways for China and their implications for the EU
The common western sanctions against Russia are undoubtedly unnerving from a Chinese perspective, and China’s possible takeaways from them will shape its future relations with the EU and other western nations. At least five take-aways are ready at hand : three of them are discussed in the first article and the other two in the second one.
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
China’s Ukraine gambit: Beijing plays both sides
This article explores how and why Chinese leaders clearly believe China’s contradictory stance offers it the best chance of protecting Chinese interests and finding opportunity in this crisis.
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
Ukraine crisis prompts China to swing behind Myanmar’s junta
After a year of tentative ties with Myanmar’s democratic opposition, China has now dropped all pretension of hedging its bets and ramped up support for the military regime. This article analyses China’s real intentions and the likely implications of this move, calling on Western states who are helping Ukraine meet an existential threat, not to ignore China’s moves in Southeast Asia.
ITALIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES
China: Towards a greener BRI, but with Russia’s gas
This article finds that the different consequences of the gas market disruption due to the Ukraine crisis in 2022 has even further reignited the Chinese leadership’s concern over energy security. The situation could delay global climate action to a point that would make climate disruption on business even more severe.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
Walking a fine line: Turkey’s mediation between Russia and Ukraine, and relations with the West
Russia and Ukraine have clearly been willing to give Ankara a significant role to play in talks on how to end the war and to participate in Turkish mediation efforts. This article considers how the position of mediator has eased Turkey’s situation not only in relation to some of the dilemmas posed by the war, but also in providing an opening for improving its relations with NATO.
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟ ΊΔΡΥΜΑ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΗΣ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ (HELLENIC FOUNDATION FOR EUROPEAN FOREIGN POLICY/ CENTRE FOR APPLIED TURKEY STUDIES (CATS)/ STIFTUNG MERCATOR /FEDERAL FOREIGN OFFICE
Turkey’s pivot to Eurasia: the effect of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
The author points out that Turkey’s position in a “post-Western world” is widely debated as Asia emerges as the world’s new demographic and economic focal point. The emergence of a revisionist Russia, threatening to destroy the global order in place since the end of the Cold War, sent out a powerful warning to its neighbours, including Turkey. Ukraine and the West’s response to Russian aggression refuted Turkish Eurasianist claims that Ukraine was “helpless” and that the West had entered a “serious and irreversible decline”.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Europe’s struggles for influence in Africa in light of the Kremlin’s invasion
Russia and Ukraine are important wheat suppliers for many African states, which are now threatened with high prices and shortages. The article gives an overview of what the additional political and financial costs mean for the start of the new EU-AU partnership.
POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Russia's war with Ukraine will force the acceleration of food production reforms in Africa
The article discusses the impact of food shortages in Africa due to the war in Ukraine. According to the paper, the shortage of food already has socio-political consequences, as some African countries are very dependent on grain imports from Russia and Ukraine. As such, price fluctuations are already in place and exports of wheat, as well as other food products, are already banned within certain African countries.
INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Russie – Venezuela : un partenariat à l’épreuve de la guerre en Ukraine
Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine on February 24, Venezuela has displayed seemingly unwavering support for Russia. This paper considers the possible implications of the recent resumption with Washington of a dialogue broken since 2019.
13.4.2022
More than 6 weeks into Russia’s war against Ukraine, think tanks analyse the origins of the Russian invasion and the pre-existing global divisions, the threat and impact of escalation, use of Russian propaganda, the war crimes being committed against the Ukrainian people, Ukraine’s foreign policy choices and its wartime information strategy, as well as assess the impact of the war on the EU’s asylum policy, its security framework and its enlargement agenda, and review the positions of Turkey, Israel and Africa.
LA FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE (FRS)
One month on in the Ukraine war: what role for the kadyrovtsy?
This article discusses the role played by the “kadyrovtsy”, the personal army of Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov, in supporting Russia’s military aggress in Ukraine. The “kadyrovtsy” group, and other loosely integrated Chechen units, have previously conducted special operations on behalf of the federal authorities in Moscow in Georgia in 2008, Ukraine in 2014 and Syria in 2015.
INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE ESTUDIOS ESTRATÉGICOS
War in Ukraine, a punch on the international chessboard
This article analyses the military invasion of Ukraine in the context of geopolitics, seeing the invasion not as the beginning of a new global ordering model, but one more chapter in the long-standing competition between great powers. What is new is the possibility of escalation in the conflict that could lead to direct confrontation between Russia and the North Atlantic Alliance, without any proxies.
ILKO KUCHERIV DEMOCRATIC INITIATIVES FOUNDATION
Ukraine’s foreign policy choices and responses to the Russian escalation
This article considers the long-standing build-up to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and analyses Ukraine’s security options in the context of the war, acknowledging that it looks hard to find a solution that can bridge the differences of Ukrainian and Russian security perceptions.
BRUSSELS SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE
Bargaining with blood: Russia’s war in Ukraine
This brief applies the bargaining model of war to examine the origins, escalation, eventual termination, and long-term settlement of Russia’s war against Ukraine.
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES
Ukraine: The shock of recognition
The author provides a historical perspective, in particular harking back to the broad anti-fascist alliance from around 1933 to 1947, regarding various factors at play in Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Ukraine’s wartime information strategy
The article looks at the strategic communication policy applied by the Ukrainian authorities during the war and aimed at their own citizens, Russian society, and the international community.
POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Russia’s wartime censorship and propaganda
The author examines how the war against Ukraine is being used by the Russian government to transform Russia into a complete totalitarian state and the censorship and propaganda of military successes are tools employed to this end.
CHATHAM HOUSE - THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Ensuring Ukraine prevails is now the only moral choice
According to the brief, a successful outcome to the fighting in Ukraine is critical not only to Ukrainian statehood, but to the future security of Europe as a whole. That means the only way to secure Europe is to ensure Ukraine prevails – and is not subjected to a flawed and unworkable peace settlement that does no more than postpone its reckoning with Russia, while continuing the suffering of the Ukrainian people under occupation.
COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
Can Russia be held accountable for war crimes in Ukraine?
The author examines what war crimes have been committed by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, how investigations might proceed, the role of the US in seeking accountability and the question of reparations.
ZENTRUM LIBERALE MODERNE (CENTER FOR LIBERAL MODERNITY)
Russland will die Identität der Ukraine auslöschen
The Russian attacks on Babyn Yar and other symbolic places and cultural monuments in Ukraine are similar to the practices of the Soviet Union and, according to the author, show that by destroying Ukrainian culture, Russia is trying to erase Ukrainian identity.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Justice in Ukraine may be slow, but must be steady
As the world is demanding justice for the atrocities being committed in Ukraine, the author outlines how achieving it will take both patience and determination.
INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP
The war in Ukraine raises new questions for EU foreign policy
This article looks at how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has prompted the EU to take unprecedented decisions on security, defence and EU enlargement and how it is also starting to shape the EU’s external action more broadly, opening new questions for Brussels and member states.
LUXEMBOURG INSTITUTE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH
The Ukrainian exodus calls for better coordination in the European Asylum Policy
This policy brief analyses the current situation and give estimates of the number of refugees who could be distributed across EU27 destinations depending on their absorption capacities.
POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Franco-Russian economic relations in the face of the war in Ukraine
According to the article, Russia’s aggression against Ukraine will affect the French economy in micro and macroeconomic terms. The limited reaction of French businesses to the war shows that image losses remain a secondary issue while the risk of losing capital is much more alarming.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK
Perceptions in Turkey about the war in Ukraine
In order to better understand Turkey’s position vis-à-vis the Ukrainian war, this article looks at how different actors both within Turkey’s ruling alliance between the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the ultranationalist Nationalist Action Party (MHP) and those within the opposition relate to and perceive it.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH (CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES)
Wariergardzie Zachodu – Izrael wobec wojny (The rearguard of the West - Israel's attitude towards the war)
Although Russia's invasion on Ukraine does not affect Israel directly, it is a huge political problem for this country. The article analyses the prudent position adopted by Israel, asking whether its balancing strategy will be plausible in case of possible escalation of the conflict.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
Beyond Europe: the impact of the war in Ukraine on Africa
This article analyses the reasons for the way African countries voted the way they did at the UN regarding Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and the effects that the war and the sanctions are having in these countries.
6.4.2022
Now almost six weeks into the war of aggression against Ukraine, think tanks assess the impact of sanctions on Russia, the risk of their effectiveness being diluted, the need for continued pressure with the implications of extending sanctions to Russian oil and gas exports, as well as providing provisional assessments of the political landscape, the Russian air campaign, and the likelihood of a chemical and biological attack by Russia. They also look at how China, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa are responding to, or are impacted by, the war in Ukraine.
INSTITUT JACQUES DELORS
Un mois de guerre en Ukraine: les premières leçons
A month after the start of the war in Ukraine, the time for final assessments has unfortunately not yet come. However, a first provisional political assessment is particularly necessary because the conflict is at a time of uncertainty and therefore of tipping point. Indeed, as the author points out, the fate of Ukraine, the place of Russia and the security of Europe are at stake and the armed conflict has not yet decided anything.
INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Quelle campagne aérienne au-dessus de l’Ukraine ? Premiers éléments de réflexion
The Russian air campaign in the war against Ukraine is relatively weak and messy. What are the reasons behind the lack of Russian air superiority? This briefing provides the first elements of analysis.
CHATHAM HOUSE
Ukraine: Is a chemical or biological attack likely ?
This article explores key questions about chemical and biological weapons, including when and how they might be used by Russia and the role of disinformation, concluding that although large-scale use in Ukraine appears unlikely, concerns remain about targeted attacks.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Considering the No-Fly Zone prospects in Ukraine
In light of Russia’s ongoing aggression across much of Ukraine and the growing number of civilian casualties and refugees, there is increasing pressure for the United States and NATO to create a no-fly zone over portions of Ukraine. The authors outline the need for policymakers to be clear-eyed in their understanding of the tactical challenges, the desired end state, and escalation risks of any form of a no-fly zone.
LA FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE
La relance de la défense européenne et le conflit en Ukraine: dynamiques et paradoxes
The article deals with the future vision of European defence, its dynamics and paradoxes, including the role of the USA and NATO for European security as well as implications of the current situation in Ukraine. It also develops a future defence scenario in Europe which could involve the establishment of collective European defence forces at the same time showing possible restraints and problems arising from this idea.
FUNDACIÓN DE ESTUDIOS DE ECONOMÍA APLICADA
¿Cómo afecta la guerra de Ucrania a las economías europeas? Algunos indicadores preliminares
This analysis provides some relevant data to quantify the economic shock that Ukraine's conflict means to Spain and the rest of EU member states. There are three main factors: energy dependence on Russia; the importance of the country as an export market; and the effects of higher import prices on the economy.
REAL INSTITUTO ELCANO (ELCANO ROYAL INSTITUTE)
¿Puede resistir las sanciones la economía rusa?
The article considers that sanctions from the West will cause damage to the Russian economy, but maybe not enough to stop Putin, since the economy has become very resistant over the years. It claims the only option the West has is putting even more pressure on, including by extending sanctions to the energy sector, since it is only the Russian people who can stop Putin.
TERRA NOVA
L’heure des sanctions économiques a sonné
The countries of the European Union have not remained passive in the face of Russian aggression against Ukraine. This paper questions whether by focusing their response on economic sanctions, have they chosen an effective lever and what damage the EU member states are willing to bear to stop the Russian offensive.
BRUEGEL
The decoupling of Russia: high-tech goods and components
According to this article, sanctions on high-tech goods supplies, combined with financial sanctions and other restrictions, will deprive Russia of a future as a modern economy.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
China can only offer an immediate respite for the Russian economy
The unprecedented sanctions imposed on Russia in the wake of its invasion of Ukraine are likely to have devastating consequences for the Russian economy and beyond. This article points out that how devastating they can be depends on several factors, starting with how porous such sanctions might end up being. The elephant in the room regarding Russia’s ability to bypass or, at very least, mitigate the sanctions is China.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Sanctions against Russia – What can we learn from the past?
The European Union and its allies have been implementing several rounds of sanctions against Russia in response to Putin’s invasion of Ukraine. This blog post assesses experiences with sanctions from the past and provides a brief overview of economic costs, reasons that sanctions fail, and implications in the current case of Russia.
EUROPEAN POLICY CENTRE
Lessons from the Ukrainian cyber front
The author of the commentary discusses the issue of cybersecurity and cyber attacks in the context of the Ukrainian crisis. In view of the current situation, the text includes a number of lessons that can be drawn and offers suggestions for the developing EU cyber policy.
CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRACY
EU energy and climate security strategy to counter the Russian aggression in Europe
According to this policy brief, the Russian invasion in Ukraine and the resulting energy and geopolitical crisis have clearly demonstrated that accommodating Russia is no longer defensible. The most effective way to stop the Kremlin’s aggression is for Europe to ban oil and gas imports from Russia that could cripple the Russian economy in 8 to 11 months. This would need to be accompanied by emergency measures to protect vulnerable consumers and alleviate Europe’s critical vulnerabilities before the next heating season.
CARNEGIE EUROPE
Ukraine’s EU Membership and the geostrategy of democratic self-preservation
According to this article, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine requires the EU to upgrade its Eastern Partnership policy framework from non-committal to geostrategic. Offering Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine membership perspective would not only support the EU’s rhetoric of shoring up sovereignty but also defend democracy.
LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
Strategies for order in a disorderly world
This strategic update clarifies the terms of the debates between realism and liberalism, in view of the Russian invasion in Ukraine. It suggests that in a disorderly world, neither realism nor liberal internationalism offers a sufficient path to a stable international order, because of their respective exaggerated claims.
CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES (CSS)
Russian Analytical Digest No 281: Political Regime Stability / Universities / Agriculture
The topics of this issue discuss the political regime stability in Russia, the reliability of Russian opinion polls, the impact of the war on Russian agriculture and Russian universities.
CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES
Can the war in Ukraine revive the EU’s enlargement agenda for the Western Balkans?
This paper asks, even if the EU does grant candidate status to Ukraine, as well as Moldova and Georgia, where this leaves the Western Balkans and their long journey towards the EU which began over 20 years ago. It also considers what impact the current crisis will have on the EU’s enlargement agenda over the coming months.
INSTITUT MONTAIGNE
China Trends #12 - Ukraine: China’s "Rock-Solid" Pro-Russia Narrative
This paper assesses how the Chinese press are analyzing the war in Ukraine. It notes the large elements of convergence among literally all published analyses and opinions, but also points to some nuances and different accents, sometimes even within the same writing.
REAL INSTITUTO ELCANO (ELCANO ROYAL INSTITUTE)
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, far from being a stranger to Latin America, so far removed from the European scene, has had a direct impact in at least three fields. This article analyses all three fields: the economy; the global dispute for the control and access to energy resources; and the internal political situation of the countries concerned.
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE
What the Russian war in Ukraine means for the Middle East
This paper looks at how countries across the Middle East and North Africa are responding to Russia’s war in Ukraine. Citizens are feeling the impacts of the war in Europe on their food security, energy prices, and job markets. Regional governments are hedging their bets between Russia and the U.S.-led Western camp, playing on time to better evaluate the impacts of the war and to ease the restraints it is imposing on the fragile economies and social fabrics of the region.
30.3.2022
Almost five weeks after the invasion of Ukraine, think tanks analyse the complexities of the war, including the threat of nuclear weapons, the consequences for the global economy with the risk of a global food shortage, the EU’s energy dilemma, the plight of Ukrainian refugees and the EU’s response, the implications of the war for different countries and their relations with the EU, and the need for a plan for rebuilding Ukraine after the war.
BARCELONA CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Europe should avoid two traps as it confronts war in Ukraine
The author warns of two dangers for Europe in the context of the invasion of Ukraine: framing the war in civilisational terms and weaponizing multilateral economic institutions. The result could lead to a new Fortress Europe far from the original EU project.
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES
Russia and Ukraine: talking while fighting
The author assesses the progress of talks between Russia and Ukraine.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Rebuilding Ukraine after the war
Though war in Ukraine is still in full force, the author argues the need for the Ukrainian government to already envisage and plan the recovery of its war devastated country.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
Will Russia use nuclear weapons in Ukraine?
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the nuclear context provided by President Putin has immediately returned the subject of nuclear deterrence to the agenda. This article considers the question of whether the nuclear taboo will be broken for the first time in 77 years, or whether the balance of nuclear deterrence will be maintained?
NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR INTERNATIONALE BETREKKINGEN - CLINGENDAEL (NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)
Five questions on Western military support to Ukraine
A military analyst answers some of the most urgent questions on Western military support to Ukraine. Could this support stop or repel the Russian invasion? To what extent is this support a form of direct involvement? Could it lead to a proxy war?
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
Intelligence and the war in Ukraine: the limited power of public disclosure
The war in Ukraine marks a new climax in the public use of intelligence by states. This article considers the impact of intelligence information and assessments revealed by the United States, the UK, and even the government of Ukraine about Russia’s intentions and plans before and during the invasion.
INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Invasion russe de l’Ukraine : une rupture politico-stratégique?
Eight years after deploying an integral indirect strategy against Kiev, both military and non-military, the launch of this war by Russia may have seemed paradoxical insofar as the Russian political elites have, for thirty years, conceptualized and favoured the circumvention of the inter-state armed struggle to achieve political objectives considered vital.
BRUEGEL
The decoupling of Russia: software, media and online services
According to this blog post, restrictions so far on software, media and online services in Russia have been imposed either voluntarily by firms, or else by Russia itself in order to restrict the flow of information.
CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES (CSS)
Russian Analytical Digest No. 280: Sanctions against Russia; Russia’s War in Ukraine on Social Media
This issue looks into the impact of sanctions on the Russian economy and highlights the so-called Fortress Russia strategy. In addition, the contributions discuss the role of social media platforms such as TikTok and VK and their potential for misinformation and the risks its users may face.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH - CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES (OSW)
Dyktatura wojenna: władza i społeczeństwo w Rosji (A military dictatorship: the authorities and the society in Russia)
Although there are no credible sociological data on the public mood in Russia, the level of support for or passive acceptance of "the special operation" is rather high. Considering the information blockade, the propaganda offensive and Russia's elite attitudes, this article claims that the deepening isolation of Russia will be accompanied by a neo-totalitarian internal policy.
KONRAD ADENAUER STIFTUNG
Die Sozialen Medien im Ukrainekrieg : Militärische Aufklärung und der Kampf um die Deutungshoheit
Military and ideological conflicts have been conducted for years via social media. This article points to a new phenomenon of warfare in Ukraine. Private individuals and Ukrainian soldiers use mobile phones to record troop movements, destroyed military equipment, bombings and spread them on social media.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Die religiöse Dimension des Krieges in der Ukraine und die globalen Konsequenzen
The religious dimension of the war in Ukraine has mainly been discussed among theologists. The article comments on the extent of the ideologic involvement of the Russian orthodox church in the war and the global consequences of the politics of the Russian orthodox church.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
From ambiguity to adaptation: how to shift gears in EU-Ukrainian relations
The article discusses possible ways for Ukraine to join the EU, among them a multi-staged accession.
BARCELONA CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
La crisis humanitaria de Ucrania debe forzar avances inesperados en el sistema de asilo europeo
The article argues that the Ukrainian refugee crisis is putting the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) to the test. The high level of consensus and the current position of traditionally more reticent countries opens up new possibilities for rapid progress on agreements within the Pact on Migration and Asylum to reform the CEAS.
HERTIE SCHOOL – JACQUES DELORS CENTRE
Ukraine‘s refugee plight - A paradigm shift for the EU’s asylum policy?
The policy brief discusses why a mechanism for the fair sharing of responsibility is urgently needed and outlines what such a scheme could look like.
INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE ESTUDIOS ESTRATÉGICOS
The Ukraine conflict, the largest European diaspora of the twenty first century?
The invasion of Ukraine launched by Russian President Vladimir Putin is the first major aggression in Europe since World War II. It has consequently caused the largest exodus of refugees. The author expresses concern about how long the European protection to these refugees will last and if it will become a humanitarian crisis.
LA FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE
Guerre en Ukraine: la population, otage d’une nouvelle stratégie russe de«pourrissement» ?
This article focuses on the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the consequences the armed conflict has on the Ukrainian civilian population. It discusses issues related to Ukrainian massive migration in the face of the armed conflict and analyses how the migratory flows in general seem to be have been used by Putin to achieve his objective of destabilizing and causing chaos in Europe.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Putin’s war and the EU’s response – How European Member States have united to help refugees
The article gives an overview of how European member states have reacted to the recent influx of Ukrainian refugees. It briefly discusses the implementation of the temporary protection directive and questions whether the current situation could lead to a comprehensive reform of the Common European Asylum System.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK (SWP)
Flucht aus der Ukraine: Mobilität erhalten und langfristig denken!
The EU has activated the Temporary Protection Directive for the first time in response to the largest movement of refugees since the Second World War. This article considers what the next steps should be for dealing with the influx of refugees from Ukraine.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH - CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES (OSW)
Gospodarcze skutki wojny: widmo głębokiego kryzysu w Rosji (The economic consequences of the war: a looming crisis in Russia)
The article outlines the sanctions imposed on Russia so far, describes the reaction of Kremlin and the first consequences of the measures.
CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES
Sanction-proof or sanction-hit : how can the EU make Putin’s evil war even more costly
The EU, together with its allies, has shown impressive unity in imposing severe sanctions against Russia. This Policy Insight reviews the EU’s sanctions against Russia and looks at the possibilities to increase their effectiveness, drawing upon lessons learned in the past.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
How the war against Ukraine can change the global economy
The analysts present five central consequences of the Russian war on Ukraine for global economic relations in the coming years: economic dependencies will be reduced, geopolitical considerations will increasingly shape foreign trade relations, there will be a threat of a bifurcation of the global economy, digitalization will shorten the global value chain, the attractiveness of the ecological transformation is accelerated.
DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR AUSWÄRTIGE POLITIK (GERMAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS)
The China factor in Russia’s war: implications for Europe
In Russia’s war against Ukraine, the fronts are clear: the EU supports Ukraine; China stands by Russia. If the EU deals with China, it must defend its own values and interests, mind its long-term room for maneuver, and learn to defuse tensions. This analysis, which is based on five scenarios, shows how.
INSTITUT FÜR WELTWIRTSCHAFT KIEL (KIEL INSTITUTE FOR THE WORLD ECONOMY)
Long-run impacts of the conflict in Ukraine on food security in Africa
Many African countries heavily rely on imports of agricultural commodities and agricultural inputs from Ukraine and Russia, for example wheat, other grains, and fertilizer. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has disrupted global access to grains. This policy brief investigates the possible long-term consequences of the conflict on food security in Africa.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Important factors in the global economy have long since changed and these changes have been magnified by Putin’s war on Ukraine. This article examines the challenges which economic policy in particular will be facing, including factors relating to scarcity of food.
TERRA NOVA
Russia's war on Ukraine risks causing a global food shortage. To avoid this, the authors question whether Europe should reverse its agricultural strategy in order to rapidly increase production and yields. In other words, should ecological transition be sacrificed in the name of stability?
E3G
EU can stop Russian gas imports by 2025: accelerating clean energy avoids fossil lock-in
The invasion of Ukraine has highlighted the geopolitical liability for the EU from fossil fuel imports from autocratic regimes. This analysis considers ways for the EU to replace Russian gas imports in the short term, taking critical decisions over investment in infrastructure and economic relationships.
EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
Europe’s Russian energy dilemma
The authors of this article claim that the EU should adopt a phased approach to energy sanctions on Russia. This would be more effective than a rushed embargo and would help preserve European unity.
EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
Life punishes those who come too late
This article states that the EU should immediately impose a temporary embargo on Russian energy imports. According to the author, if the union waits any longer, it will be too late – and the political costs could be huge.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
This short commentary demonstrates how the war has caused countries to revise their risk assessments. It is not only about doing business or investing in Russia, but also about business in other non-rule-of-law authoritarian states, where foreigners have little recourse if things go wrong.
TERRA NOVA
L’Europe à l’épreuve de la guerre
The divisions that had settled between Europeans and created repeated confrontations – North against South, East against West, "frugal" against spenders - have all been upset by the three major crises that have followed one another at an accelerated pace in recent years: Brexit, Covid, Ukraine. This article considers the impact on the European project.
ISTITUTO AFFARI INTERNAZIONALI
Russia–Ukraine talks and the indispensable role of the US and Europe
The war in Ukraine is a catastrophic event that presents more risks than solutions. However, one thing stands firm for the author of this article: US and European involvement is a necessary condition for the establishment of a durable peace.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
The United States and the Ukrainian crisis: implications for the internal arena and the great power competition
The response by the United States to the Ukrainian crisis is focused on efforts to send military aid, maintain and strengthen coordination with allies in Europe and NATO, and intensify the economic and political isolation of Russia. This article analyses the implications of the crisis for the US.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH - CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES (OSW)
Chiński dylemat. Rosyjska inwazja na Ukrainę a sytuacja strategiczna Chin (A Chinese dilemma. The Russian invasion in Ukraine and the strategic situation of China)
The efficient resistance of Ukraine, the united European reaction and heavy sanctions on Russia are creating a new unfavourable strategic situation for China. The author reflects on a possible evolution of the Chinese stance towards the war.
GERMAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS (DGAP)
The China factor in Russia’s war : implications for Europe
In Russia’s war against Ukraine, the European Union supports Ukraine; China stands by Russia. While the conflict is exacerbating long-term regulatory, geopolitical, and economic divergences between the EU and China, their short-term priorities overlap. Both are striving for a negotiated solution. This analysis shows how the EU could defend its own values and interests, mind its long-term room for manoeuver, and learn to defuse tensions.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
Keeping China out of the Ukraine conflict
This article states that keeping China out of the Ukraine-Russia conflict will be key for keeping global order, despite the damage already done to Ukraine. The author believes that liberal democracies can survive Putin’s Russia as long as it remains an isolated pariah; and Western diplomats should endeavour to achieve so.
AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE
The War in Ukraine: troubling lessons for Taiwan
In the light of the war in Ukraine, this article comments on the question for Taiwan of how far Europe and the United States would go to its aid in the event of an attack by China.
OBSERVER RESEARCH FOUNDATION
How do India’s choices on the Ukraine crisis affect its foreign relations?
The author considers the consequences of India's “balancing act” on the Russia-Ukraine war and its impact on India's security and geopolitical interests with regard to China.
LA FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE
L’ambivalence du Moyen-Orient face à la guerre en Ukraine
This paper analyses the position of some states, traditionally allies of the West, towards the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Countries such as Israel, Turkey or Egypt did not react or, at least at first, condemn the war in Ukraine. This has raised a series of questions about their view on the Russian aggression as well as their relations with Russia and suggests that the states in question are performing a balancing act between their American and Russian ally.
UTRIKESPOLITISKA INSTITUTET (SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Russia’s war on Ukraine: consequences for Georgia and Moldova
This article looks at how Russia's unprovoked and illegal large-scale invasion of Ukraine has already had significant repercussions for the other two Eastern Partnership states with association agreements with the EU.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
The Russian Bear and the Molotov Cocktail: the Palestinians and the crisis in Ukraine
While most Western countries condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine at the United National General Assembly, the Palestinian Authority remained silent. The Palestinians regard the Ukrainian struggle against the invasion as competing with them for international attention, claims this article.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
The war in Ukraine and strategic hedging by Arab countries
Central Arab countries that are seen as pro-Western have chosen an ostensibly neutral position regarding the war in Ukraine. Several oil producers in the Gulf have gone even further and seek to take advantage of the war to improve their standing. This article comments on the hedging policy by Arab countries.
ISTITUTO PER GLI STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE
War in Ukraine: Asia takes sides
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has split Asia in two parts. On one side stand the most advanced economies in the region and the majority of Asian members; on the other side, countries like Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Pakistan that opted for neutrality, along with India and China. According to the author, such a division will affect the regional blocks in the making in the Indo-Pacific: China and the countries keen on containing China.
REAL INSTITUTO ELCANO (ELCANO ROYAL INSTITUTE)
La guerra y el resto del mundo
This article analyses how this war is not only a conflict between Russia and Ukraine, but also between the West and the East. Some actors are using this situation to move forward in their own external politics and security and historical vindications. For example, wounds in the relationship in between China and the US seem to be reopening. Global governance - such as the UN's - seems increasingly complicated and the world increasingly dangerous.
EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
Putin’s war on Ukraine: aftershocks in the Europe-Africa partnership
This articles studies how the Russian-Ukraine war looks set to create daunting challenges for African countries in areas such as food and energy security. The author encourages Europe to show solidarity with them.
EGMONT – ROYAL INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Never waste a crisis: the war on Ukraine as a catalyst in the Balkans
This article looks at the Ukraine-Russia war as a warning to the leaders in the Western Balkans and as a catalyst for the EU. It is time for the first to move on and for the second to offer support, especially for the youth in the Balkans, and a clear prospect of membership.
EGMONT – ROYAL INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
A Russia strategy must look South: the Caucasus impacts Europe through the Eastern Mediterranean
This articles underlines the essentiality of a good neighbour relationship and coordination between the three seas - Baltic, Black and Mediterranean Seas- in order to improve and maintain an European security and prosperity, especially now on the face of the current events in between Ukraine and Russia.
23.3.2022
Almost one month after the invasion of Ukraine, think tanks consider the rising stakes in the struggle for democracy in Europe and beyond, and analyse the challenges of shaping an endgame, Ukraine’s application for EU membership, the nature of the war, including the cyber security threat, the use of disinformation and the role of cryptocurrencies. Others examine how the security crisis is turning into a massive humanitarian crisis, the situation of refugees in Poland and the implications of the war, especially in the security and energy domains, not only in Ukraine and the EU, but also on other regions in the world.
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACY AND ELECTORAL ASSISTANCE
Increasing authoritarianism in some countries, such as Russia, coupled with gradual democratic erosion around the world, poses an exceptional threat to a rules-based global order, and consequently to peace and prosperity. The authors consider that the invasion of Ukraine is the most blatant and tragic realization of this threats.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
The war in Ukraine: the challenge of shaping an endgame
The author considers that the longer the war continues, the chances increase for escalation to new levels that neither side wants. Therefore, before the situation is completely out of control, there must be a dialogue with Russia that can lead to an end to the war.
ZENTRUM LIBERALE MODERNE (CENTER FOR LIBERAL MODERNITY)
Zum Stand der russischen Invasion in der Ukraine – Was Deutschland jetzt tun kann und muss
The author gives a military expert analysis about Russian war targets, nuclear escalation, Ukrainian defence and why the date of April 1, 2022 is important from a Russian point of view.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
The war in Ukraine: a crowd-sourced total global war?
The author sees in the world’s response to Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine the emergence of a new approach to countering authoritarian aggression or even a new approach to war itself. The famous Prussian theorist Carl von Clausewitz specifically said: “War is a mere continuation of policy ‘with the addition of other means’ (mit Einmischung anderer Mitteln).” This article claims the world is responding to Putin with the addition of other means like never before.
GERMAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS (DGAP)
The authors outline that in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the cyber threat landscape is quickly evolving. Now, Europe, the United States, and like-minded democracies must prepare for persistent “gray zone” conflict in their own cyberspaces.
INSTITUTE FOR PEACE SUPPORT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
Security Turnaround after Ukraine: Regional and Institutional Implications
The Russian war of aggression against Ukraine represents a turning point for European and Austrian security policy. It calls into question previously established paradigms of international security and international crisis and conflict management. Regardless of the actual outcome of the war, this paper assumes a fundamental paradigm shift in international relations.
CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES (OSW)
Three weeks of war: Putin’s tactical dilemmas
Three weeks after the start of the war against Ukraine, the Kremlin’s political objectives have not been achieved. Taking into account the resistance from the Ukrainian armed forces persists, the morale of Ukrainian society remaining high, and the very serious sanctions imposed by the international community on Russia, this article considers the prospects for evolution of Russian policy.
EUROPEAN POLICY CENTRE & EGMONT ROYAL INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The Versailles declaration, adopted by EU leaders on 10 and 11 March, acknowledges that Ukraine belongs to the ‘European family’. The Council has already invited the European Commission to submit its opinion in accordance with Article 49 TEU. The author notes that despite this support for – and recognition of – Ukraine’s application, the road to EU membership remains a long one.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK
Beitrittsgesuch der Ukraine setzt EU unter Druck
The paper discusses the consequences of Ukraine’s EU membership application.
INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE ESTUDIOS ESTRATÉGICOS
¿Comprendemos la desinformación?: Rusia y la evolución de las medidas activas.
This article explores institutional practise of disinformation and looks in particular at the 'active measures' concept, born in 1963 in the URSS which, taking disinformation as a central element, approaches a broader spectrum of activities. It is argued that these kind of operations, key for external Russian politics during the Cold War, are still alive today. They have only evolved and revived.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
Ukraine and the global whole-of-society response: a double-edged sword?
In past wars people often felt powerless, reading newspapers or watching on television as events unfolded far away. This article claims we are going through a new era of hyper-empowered citizens and private actors who can have very real influence on events and possibly even shape their outcomes, e.g. by debunking disinformation (for example, in Russia's media), sharing through social media, or hacking as a form of activism.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
Putin’s war: driving Ukrainians into hunger - and the rest of the world as well
The article reflects on how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is turning a security crisis into a massive health and humanitarian crisis, not only for the 4.5mn Ukrainians displaced by the conflict thus far or the others being shelled into submission in several Ukrainian cities, but also for millions elsewhere in the world. For instance, many of the countries seeing their food insecurity grow by the day are countries in the Middle East and Africa that Putin has been courting of late.
INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP
Mitigating the gendered effects of Ukraine’s refugee crisis
Over three million Ukrainians have fled the Russian invasion that began on 24 February. While EU states have granted arrivals real benefits, Kyiv’s rule holding back conscription-age men increases dangers to the families leaving. This article discusses how states should ensure that all refugees get the help they need.
FORUM FOR RESEARCH ON EASTERN EUROPE AND EMERGING ECONOMIES (FREE NETWORK)
Ukrainian refugees in Poland: current situation and what to expect
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has forced millions to flee from the war zone. This brief addresses Ukrainian refuge in Poland. It provides an overview of the current situation, discusses the ongoing solutions and potential future challenges, and stresses the key areas for urgent policy intervention.
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES
Could the Ukraine crisis accelerate a longer-term policy shift away from fossil fuels?
The author analyses the impact of the Ukraine crisis. According to this article, the crisis will accelerate a shift to non-fossil-fuel energy sources.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Cryptocurrency’s role in the Russia-Ukraine crisis
Finance typically plays a major role in wars, but the Russia-Ukraine war is the first major conflict with a prominent role for cryptocurrencies. The authors outline the prominence of crypto in this conflict, which could influence global perceptions of the technology, including among governments considering new regulations.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
The need and opportunity for Europe’s energy independence
The imposed economic sanctions against Russia will be effective to a certain extent. The article claims that it is about time for Europe to come to a bold decision and pare down its dependency on Russian energy to zero. This is an extremely complicated decision, but the author argues that, as always, no geopolitical plan is viable if it is not economically feasible and sustainable, and vice versa.
INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Facing the Russian aggression of Ukraine, the European countries are reconsidering their energy situation and in particular their strong addiction to Russian fossil gas imports. While the United States have decided an embargo on oil and gas imports from Russia, many European countries are reluctant to follow, as this economic sanction on Russia would also have heavy economic consequences for countries that are highly dependent on Russia for their fossil fuels consumption.
ISTITUTO PER GLI STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE
Can the EU do without Russian gas?
Today, the European Union still relies on Russia for approximately 45% of its gas needs, with some EU countries – such as Italy – being more vulnerable than others. However, Russia’s ongoing war against Ukraine is forcing Brussels to make difficult choices. This article analyses the arguments that affirm the EU can live without Russian gas, and also those saying it cannot.
BRUEGEL
Can Europe manage if Russian oil and coal are cut off ?
According to the authors, a stop to Russian oil and coal supplies would push Europe into a short and painful adjustment period. But if managed well, disruptions would remain temporary.
ISTITUTO PER GLI STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE
We will need a 'New Deal' to engage with a post-Putin Russia
As missiles and artillery shells rain mercilessly on Ukraine, the author suggests that policy analysts should ask themselves whether tougher Western sanctions are hardening rather than softening Russia’s resistance to peace talks.
ISTITUTO AFFARI INTERNAZIONALI
Russian Energy Exports and the Conflict in Ukraine: What Options for Italy and the EU?
Putin’s war on Ukraine has shaken the European Union to its core. This paper considers that implications will be long lasting in numerous domains, but it is in the security and energy dimensions that concrete changes are already becoming evident as the EU fast tracks its strategy for energy diversification.
CHATHAM HOUSE
Ukraine crisis could trigger cascading risks globally
According to the authors, the effects on the wider world from the Ukraine invasion go far beyond the waves of shock and horror being felt from this escalating conflict.
LA FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE (FRS)
In this article a strong focus is placed on the strategic implications of the war in Ukraine for the Baltic states such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania as well as neighbouring Poland, all of which are NATO's direct borders with Russia. The possibility that these states could be priority targets of a Russian offensive cannot be excluded.
PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OSLO
The Ukraine war and Turkey as a “Third Pole” in a new international order
After Russia launched a large-scale military invasion of Ukraine the international community reacted immediately and decisively against it, imposing a series of costly sanctions. Turkey was among the countries that refused to follow suit, instead attempting to act as a mediator between the warring camps. According to this article, this approach reveals the continuation of certain Turkish foreign policy tendencies, and aims to secure a new international role for Turkey.
ISTITUTO PER GLI STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE
Iran, Russia and the JCPOA: Is a year of negotiations at risk?
The implications of the war in Ukraine go well beyond Europe. In the Middle East, the Iran nuclear talks may suffer from the confrontation between Russia and Ukraine. After eleven months, the talks to revive the 2015 nuclear deal were challenged by a last-minute Russian demand. This article reflects on how, by connecting the Iran deal with the Ukraine war, the Russian government risked casting a shadow over the negotiations.
LA FONDATION POUR LA RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE
Le pragmatisme de l’Inde face à la guerre en Ukraine
The article examines India's posture towards the current situation in Ukraine and its refusal to distance itself from Moscow, which can be observed by its abstention for the third time in a vote at the General Assembly of United Nations on a resolution deploring Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The article discusses Moscow-New Delhi relations and possible consequences these might have for India in the future.
BRUEGEL
Six reasons why backstopping Russia is an increasingly unattractive option for China
According to the authors, China has too much to lose from aligning with Russia over Ukraine. This article sets out six reasons why China should adopt a constructive stance on Ukraine’s future and global stability.
ROBERT SCHUMAN
Le Partenariat oriental à l'épreuve de la guerre en Ukraine (robert-schuman.eu)
On the eve of the EU's fifth enlargement in 2003, the Neighbourhood Policy was launched to "avoid new dividing lines in Europe and to promote stability and prosperity" and to create, in the now famous phrase, a "ring of friends". According to this brief, the Eastern Partnership, which emerged on 7 May 2009, is now being undermined by the Russian military invasion of Ukraine.
16.3.2022
Just over three weeks since the invasion of Ukraine, think tanks analyse the unprecedented shift in global geopolitics and the positions of various countries; the EU response, including possible and proposed changes in foreign, security or defence policies; the growing humanitarian crisis and activation of the EU’s temporary protection mechanism in the face of the large-scale displacement of civilians; and they assess the implications of the EU’s dependence on Russian gas, the economic and financial sanctions against Russia, and the economic impact of the war, including in relation to agricultural production.
EGMONT – ROYAL INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Putin Is Creating the Multipolar World He (Thought He) Wanted
The authors of this article focus on the difficulties for some countries, like China, in having to position themselves after 24 February in a world that was already quite divided. It seems impossible to stay completely aloof, let alone simply align with Russia. With their sanctions reverberating throughout the global economy, the risk of the relationship with China and Russia worsening seems to be increasing.
CENTRUM STOSUNKÓW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)
War pushes us to re-define Europe
The author argues that the Russia-Ukraine war is an opportunity to rebuild the foundation of a new EU and analyses the roles of NATO, US and other players in ending the conflict.
DANSK INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONALE STUDIER/DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Ukraine is closer than you think
Despite its turbulent domestic politics, Ukraine rarely featured at the top of the EU’s security agenda in the post-Soviet period. This article looks at how the scale of current Russian military intervention changed that, bringing the war to the EU’s doorstep, and challenging a previously lenient approach to Russia which the EU refused to see as a potential aggressor.
CHATHAM HOUSE
Devising the strategy to deter Russia and weaken Putin
The author suggests various measures which could form part of a coherent strategy to deter Russia from further atrocities, prevent aggression beyond Ukraine, withstand its threats globally, and hold it to account.
INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP
No-Fly Zone in Ukraine: War with Russia by Another Name
Some current and former officials, including Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, call for Western powers to establish a no-fly zone over Ukraine. This article explains what a no-fly zone would entail, where similar zones have been established before and the dangers of that option in Ukraine.
PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OSLO
Should Ukraine Have Kept Soviet Nuclear Weapons?
Following the Soviet Union collapse in 1991, the stockpile of Soviet nuclear weapons left in Ukraine comprised what was then the world’s third largest nuclear arsenal. Ukraine later transferred these to Russia, the authors consider whether this was the right choice.
CYPRUS CENTER FOR EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
The current Russo-Ukrainian crisis has brought unprecedented, historic, nodal milestones for the international community, in international relations and global geopolitics. According to this paper, this significantly influences the course of the 21st century political history, by irrevocably altering the international equilibrium and becoming the landmark of a new era in international relations and global politics.
CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES
The EU grants temporary protection for people fleeing war in Ukraine
To respond to the sudden large-scale displacement of people from Ukraine, the 2001 EU Temporary Protection Directive has been activated for the first time. This paper examines the key issues and questions raised, drawing on lessons learned or ‘not to be learned’ from policies adopted by countries such as Turkey and others in South America, that have previously responded to large-scale displacements. The paper argues that the solidarity principle enshrined in the EU Treaties needs to be substantially re-thought and revisited.
TERRA NOVA
My enemy’s doctor is not my enemy
The law of war explicitly prohibit attacks on places of care, personnel or patients in armed conflicts. This article considers the precedents in Grozny (Chechnya) and Aleppo (Syria), which have raised the concerns of the WHO and international observers.
HERTIE SCHOOL/JACQUES DELORS CENTRE
Same shock, different effects EU member states’ exposure to the economic consequences of Putin’s war
This brief takes a very first look at potential differences in exposure, focusing on direct trade links, potential costs of energy dependence on Russia and vulnerabilities towards rising energy prices more generally. It shows that the EU member states’ economic vulnerability to the Russian invasion of Ukraine is very unevenly distributed.
CIDOB
War in Ukraine and the gas crisis force a rethink of EU foreign policy
The paper argues that EU member states dependence on Russian supplies make gas a key factor in the crisis provoked by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The crisis will force a major rethink of Europe’s gas security over the next decade including diversifying outside sources of gas, increasing gas exchanges within Europe, and ensuring that gas stocks are much higher.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH (CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES)
The EU gas market and policy and the war in Ukraine
In the light of the strong dependence of the EU on Russian gas, the commentary examines the risks caused by tensions over the Ukraine-Russia crisis for the EU gas market stability. The assessment of the European Commission's new plan REPowerEU is also included.
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE
This article examines the implications for global payment flows of the sanctions on Russia, explaining how SWIFT works. In particular, it notes concern that Beijing sees the Ukraine crisis as its opportunity to gain influence over financial markets.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Why more economic and financial sanctions against Russia are inevitable and energy tops the list
Comprehensive financial sanctions against Russia, going well beyond the SWIFT exclusion often thought of as a “final stage,” were implemented swiftly and arguably more drastically than Moscow expected. They have significantly damaged the Russian public sector balance sheet and local financial markets. This post analyses the implications of further sanctions.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC RESEARCH
Are Gold Rubles Gold or Rubles?
This article reflects on the possibility of the appearance of a new parallel currency to the ruble, due to hyperinflation: gold. With the invasion of Ukraine, sanctions to Russia and firms severing business ties with Russia, its connections to the global economy have been damaged. This happened in 1992 and the author considers it possible it is happening again.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Agricultural Production in Ukraine and Russia: Economic Implications for Europe
Both Ukraine and Russia are among the largest producers of agricultural goods in the world today, especially for grains and sunflowers. As the Russian war against Ukraine endangers this agricultural production, the rest of the world can no longer rely on commodities sourced from these countries. This article provides an overview of the economic relevance and the expected effects of these circumstances on prices and on European production and outlines their implications for the agricultural goals of the European Green Deal.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
Germany and the Ukraine crisis: end of the age of illusions
There seems to be no country in Europe where the Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a greater systemic upheaval than in Germany, writes the author. The invasion roused Germany from the illusions that have guided its dealings with Russia since the 1970s – the “Ostpolitik” (eastern) policy.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
This article analyses the new German government’s historic break with long-established foreign and security policy tenets and what it signifies for German foreign policy. Invoking the far-reaching German word of “Zeitenwende” (turning point), Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced the unexpected and unprecedented increase in defence spending in his seminal speech at the German Bundestag.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
Mögliche wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen des Ukrainekriegs auf Deutschland
Possible economic impact of the Ukraine war on Germany
The article discusses possible consequences of the war on Ukraine for the German economy. The author goes into detail about existing economic interdependencies between Russia and Germany and how they might be affected by the war and further sanctions.
CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES (OSW)
Germany and the trade conflict between Lithuania & China
The Chinese government’s trade boycott of Lithuania risks causing economic losses for Germany, which is particularly exposed to the effects of the Lithuanian-Chinese dispute, and weakening the cohesion of the EU’s common market. This article comments on the likely reaction by Berlin given its huge dependence on the Chinese market and the differences of opinion within the government on what direction its Beijing policy should take.
ELINKEINOELÄMÄN TUTKIMUSLAITOS (RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE FINNISH ECONOMY)
The Significance of Russia for Finnish Companies
This policy brief analyses the importance of Russia on the Finnish economy. The authors scrutinize both the trade relations and the presence of Finnish firms in Russia and that of Russian firms in Finland.
CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES
Why the Ukraine crisis should push the UK and EU into a tighter embrace on security policy
According to this policy brief, one of the costs of Brexit is the weakened ability of both the UK and the EU to shape a strong joint response to Russia’s threats to pan-European security. In the standoff over Ukraine, the need for close cross-Channel cooperation is particularly acute for any effective sanctions package negotiated with the US.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH (CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES)
Caution and anticipation: Turkey and the Russo-Ukrainian war
The commentary analyses Turkey’s attitude towards the Russia-Ukraine war, which is essentially in line with NATO’s position on the conflict, but also void of any actions or rhetoric which would clearly strike at Russia’s interests. The tangible threat that the war in Ukraine poses to Turkey’s internal stability is also examined.
KONRAD ADENAUER STIFTUNG
Der Russische Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine – Reaktionen auf dem Westbalkan
The Russian War of Aggression against Ukraine – Reactions in the Western Balkans
All the countries of the Western Balkans voted in favour of the resolution in UN Resolution General Assembly on 2 March condemning Russia's actions. This report considers the varying positions in the Western Balkans region, which has complicated historical, political, economic and social relations with Russia, but also with Ukraine.
PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OSLO
Will Taiwan Be the Next Ukraine?
The authors analyse similarities and differences of Ukraine’s and Taiwan’s positions in the world picture.
INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY
How Is India’s Silent Diplomacy Navigating the Russia-Ukraine War?
The author assesses how New Delhi has sought to navigate between expressing veiled concern for the Russian invasion and maintaining an important strategic and security relationship.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
The Russian invasion of Ukraine: legal aspects
The legal channels will not stop the advance of the Russian army, but they are important in terms of the message they send to Russia and the whole world. Israel, which has seemed to lean to sitting on the fence, must join the international efforts against Russia, Otherwise it is liable to find itself on the wrong side of history, claims this article.
9.3.2022
Providing their first assessments of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, think tanks report on the united response of the Western bloc and the unfolding humanitarian crisis; assess the policy and security implications for the EU and the impact for the Middle East, North Africa, Serbia, and India; and analyse the strategic goals of Moscow, the involvement of Belarus and the impact of economic sanctions.
CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES (CSS)
This issue collects first assessments of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on the 24th of February 2022.
INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP
War in Europe: responding to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
This paper considers how Russia’s assault on Ukraine threatens to become the largest European conflict in decades. A vigorous but judicious Western and global response is critical to limit the damage.
UTRIKESPOLITISKA INSTITUTET (SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Some preliminary thoughts on the policy implications of the Russian aggression
Thursday 24 February 2022 is, and will be understood as, a watershed in European and global modern history. This article considers various implications of the full-scale military attack on and aggression against a neighbouring state of almost 45 million inhabitants by the world’s leading nuclear weapon power – and a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
UTRIKESPOLITISKA INSTITUTET (SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS)
Russia's “soft annexation” of Belarus during its invasion of Ukraine
This article examines how Russia has for all intents and purposes also taken control of Belarus militarily, as a side-line to its unprecedented military build-up on the land borders of Ukraine and its invasion of Ukraine on 24 February.
INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES
The Ukraine crisis: an interim analysis
According to this analysis, it is already clear that with the invasion of Ukraine, Putin has upset the world order that has existed since the Second World War. The Western bloc has already begun to realign and is presenting a unified and forceful stance vis-à-vis Moscow. Israel can no longer avoid taking a clear stand and siding fully with the countries opposing Russia.
BARCELONA CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Oriente Medio y el Norte de África ante la guerra en Ucrania: vasos comunicantes
Middle East and North Africa is, after Europe, the region that will feel the impact of the war in Ukraine most acutely, mainly in terms of energy and grain prices. The article analyses other, deeper, connections such as the diplomatic battle, the negotiation over Iran's nuclear programme and its impact on conflict dynamics across the region.
ITALIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES
The Ukraine War and the Risk of a New Foreign Fighters Wave
The author of this article reports on some concerns following Zelensky's plea for foreigners to join the fight against Russia and his promise to give them arms on their arrival. The article recalls the war in Donbas and the great influx of foreign fighters and the risk that this happens again.
CENTAR ZA EVROPSKE POLITIKE (EUROPEAN POLICY CENTRE)
Ukraine and Russia are at war. What does that mean for the future of EU-Serbia relations?
The authors reflect on how the current situation in Ukraine will effect Serbian politics with regard to the EU, considering their close ties to Russia.
ITALIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES
Putin’s invasion of Ukraine: A wake-up call also for the MENA region?
This brief approaches the different reactions of the MENA countries to the Ukraine-Russia conflict, reporting a general caution from these countries to condemn Russia's actions except from Foreign Minister Lapid. The author gives a brief overview of the impact of the war in the MENA region.
FRIENDS OF EUROPE
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine: getting the right Western strategy in place
This article states that it is time to move beyond disbelief and develop a coherent Western strategy to face Russia's aggression. It considers whether this will be the opportunity to create more integrated European units with neighbours like France, the Benelux, Poland and Italy, and even with the post-Brexit UK.
INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE ESTUDIOS ESTRATÉGICOS (IEEE)
Efectos de la guerra de Ucrania en las Repúblicas Bálticas
Before the Ukrainian war, the threat of Russia was mainly understood as a matter of political or economic dimensions in the three Baltic republics. For the author, from now on, this threat is more related to an essential military dimension. This article highlights the increasing reinforcement of this military dimension in the Baltic republics and Scandinavia, which is done in order to guarantee a solid defence from the allies of the region.
REAL INSTITUTO ELCANO
Ucrania en busca de refugio digital
Government stability and international order are in danger in Ukraine, but also the protection of its people and its national security. The control of the technological infrastructure plays an essential role in this, according to the author. This is why it is important to analyse Ukraine's ability to respond to a possible hostage of its digital infrastructure by Russia, and the optimal scenarios in which Ukraine could count on to protect its data and especially in collaboration with other countries.
CENTRUM STOSUNKÓW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)
"Russian invasion of Ukraine. Deciphering where India stands"
This article considers New Delhi's position vis-à-vis the war and India’s pro-Russian tilt which is a function of its "time tested" friendship with Moscow as well as of geopolitical necessity. However, it is argued that India has a great scope in resolving the impasse in order to avoid being seen as guilty of complicity.
CENTRUM STOSUNKÓW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH (CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)
War in Europe. Ukraine fights for the West
Contrary to Kremlin’s expectations, the West is united in its response to the war in Ukraine. The paper argues that this ability to take tough measures towards Moscow is crucial since at stake is nothing less than the very survival of Ukraine and the freedom of the entire Central and Eastern Europe. Possible scenarios for Ukraine and global strategic consequences are also outlined.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK
NATO-Russia tensions: Putin orders invasion of Ukraine
This paper examines Moscow’s strategic goals with the invasion of Ukraine and the need to avoid further escalation, taking into account the security agreements between Russia and NATO and the current European security order.
STIFTUNG WISSENSCHAFT UND POLITIK
Moskau bedroht die Balance im hohen Norden
Russia’s attack on Ukraine is not based on legitimate security interests but a rejection of the European security order. According to the authors Russia’s demand for more consideration for its own security interest have achieved the exact opposite. Russia's pressure has the paradoxical effect of bringing Finland and Sweden closer to NATO.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
SWIFT exclusion is fine, sanctioning the Russian Central Bank is better
The article analyses the economic sanctions posed on Russia by the EU.
BERTELSMANN STIFTUNG
This article gives an overview of the implications the economic sanctions on Russia have for the European and Russian economies.
INSTITUT FRANCAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Guerre en Ukraine : leçon de grammaire stratégique
This paper examines Russia’s objectives in launching a high-intensity war against Ukraine, which are clearly not limited to Donbass. Nor are they aimed at the acquisition of new territories. In all likelihood, it concludes that this is a large-scale campaign for regime change aimed at installing a power in Kiev that will guarantee it obedience and security.
INSTITUT FRANCAIS DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
Le choc de la réalité : La coalition feu tricolore dans la crise russo-ukrainienne
This analysis considers that the Russian-Ukrainian crisis puts to the test the cohesion of the new traffic light coalition, the authority of Chancellor Scholz and the ambition to adapt the post-Merkel German foreign policy.
CLINGENDAEL - THE NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Phoenix or Icarus? CRU policy brief European strategic autonomy in light of Ukraine
With all eyes on the next Russian move in Ukraine, the notion of European strategic autonomy is experiencing a revival. This paper considers the concept, concluding that broad use of the term ‘EU strategic autonomy’, as is in vogue, risks giving populism and nationalism an unnecessary impulse.
CLINGENDAEL - THE NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Tsar-struck : how Vladimir Putin uses the history of the Russian Empire
On February 24, Vladimir Putin shocked the world by starting a war in Ukraine. In the run-up to the Russian invasion, Putin delivered far-reaching speeches and wrote an article to legitimise his actions – packed with intense rhetoric on imperial as well as Soviet history. This article considers how Putin has consistently instrumentalised history to achieve his policy goals since the day he became president.
THE HAGUE CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES
Real and imagined challenges to strategic stability
Strategic stability has come under pressure from a shifting military and political environment: the number of major strategic actors has increased; missile defence has evolved; and the battlefield has expanded. Nuclear arsenals are being increased and diversified. Yet, the author argues that warnings that we have entered into a new arms race should be viewed with caution and, contrary to what other analysts have suggested, technological advancements are not fundamentally undermining strategic stability.
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine changes everything
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine will have profound consequences for the stability of the region and for the future of European security, not to mention the immense human suffering. In this article, Carnegie Europe’s scholars give their assessment about how the military attack will fundamentally change the post-Cold War era.
DGAP - GERMAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
If Russia uses migration as a weapon, Europeans should respond in kind
Around 442,000 people have so far fled Ukraine – not just to the EU, but also to neighbors like Moldova. This is a humanitarian issue, and should not be conflated with “migrant instrumentalization” (MI), whereby a state pushes people across a border to coerce the EU to change position. Yet Russia is likely to employ MI in this way, especially if it moves deep into Western Ukraine. Drawing on an in-depth study, this policy brief shows how the EU can meet this specific threat.
LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
The long shadow of the Soviet Union: demystifying Putin's rhetoric towards Ukraine
This paper provides a contextualised analysis of the Kremlin’s rhetoric regarding Ukraine since 2014. Examining the content and accuracy of Russian complaints about NATO enlargement, the article examines other motivations Putin may have for considering an attack on Ukraine, in particular 'nationalist irredentism'.
OŚRODEK STUDIÓW WSCHODNICH (CENTRE FOR EASTERN STUDIES)
Ukraine: the first day of the Russian invasion
The author of this analysis offers a broad picture of the different aspects of the just-started war and its consequences. There is also allusion to the information situation (how events are being reported in Ukraine) and the economic consequences.
The West strikes a blow at the Russian economy
This article comments on the West’s sanctions packages against Russia and the impact on the Russian financial system.
CENTRE FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
The Kremlin playbook 3: keeping the faith
This study aims to expose a new front of Russian malign influence in Europe and Eurasia: the instrumentalization of values, traditions, and religious beliefs to exploit or sow divisions among Western societies.
INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The February 2022 edition of the IRMO Brief, authored by Zoran Meter, deals with the situation in Belarus after the presidential election in 2020 to present day. The author also analyses how Belarusian support to Russia will facilitate Russian ambitions in Ukraine.
This post does not necessarily represent the positions, policies, or opinions of the Council of the European Union or the European Council.
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