Wed, 14 Oct 2020
No soils, no life
We walk on soils, but often give little thought to what’s right under our feet. In fact, soils are the nation’s – and the world’s – breadbasket, providing food and a host of other necessities, including new medicines and materials.
No soils, no life.
Soils form over hundreds of years but can be destroyed by a single event, such as a hurricane. They’re vulnerable to wind and water erosion; pollutants, including runoff from highways; and nutrient loss.
Despite a humble exterior, soils are complex ecosystems composed of organic matter, minerals, water, air – and billions upon billions of organisms. These ecosystems orchestrate the processes essential for plant growth, as well as food and fiber production.
The U.S. National Science Foundation is funding researchers who study soils and their importance in our lives. "As the planet’s population grows, scientists need a better understanding of the soil ecosystems that play a critical role in supporting societies around the world," says Enriqueta Barrera, a program director in NSF’s Division of Earth Sciences.
During Earth Science Week 2020, with its theme "Earth materials in our lives," NSF celebrates the soils beneath us.
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Statement on the Nobel Prize for Economics 2020
10/15/2020
Statement on the Nobel Prize for Economics 2020October 13, 2020
The Nobel Assembly has awarded the 2020 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson, both of Stanford University, "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats." The U.S. National Science Foundation has supported these researchers for decades, as they explored game theory and used their findings to develop new kinds of auctions.
NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan issued the following statement on the Nobel announcement:
Cooperation and competition are fundamental aspects of economics, and they govern the complex auctions societies use to allocate everything from minerals and energy to landing slots at airports. Understanding how bidders process information is crucial for designing these auctions, especially when the seller’s primary goal is to benefit society.
NSF has supported Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson throughout their efforts to explore these aspects of decision-making and invent new auction formats for multiple, simultaneous transactions. In the U.S., we have seen the immediate benefit from their work in the form of auctions the Federal Communications Commission uses to allocate wireless spectrum licenses. These have brought in more than $60 billion for taxpayers supporting innovations enabling wireless communication of audio, video and data to our phone and other devices. We congratulate Milgrom and Wilson for this latest recognition of their work.
